Rainfall asymmetries of the western North Pacific tropical cyclones as inferred from <scp>GPM</scp>

It has been revealed that the vertical wind shear (VWS) can result in rainfall asymmetry of tropical cyclone (TC), where VWS is conventionally defined as environmental horizontal winds between 200- and 850-hPa levels within a certain area from TC centre. The maximum generally displaced downshear to downshear-left side Northern Hemisphere or downshear-right Southern Hemisphere. Here, we revisit asymmetries TCs over western North Pacific using state-of-art Global Precipitation Measurement data. Observations pose conventional interpret inopportune. only largely grasp inner core TC, but not outer core. We, therefore, explicitly propose new VWS, namely effective fill this gap. layer responsible for function intensity region. In addition, suggest angle difference shears inner-core outer-core help comprehend spirality are, fashions, patterns rainbands. Meanwhile, moisture flux convergence storm motion show little effect on asymmetry. This study advances understanding provides scientific support disaster prediction, prevention, mitigation.